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references: women's health nurse practitioner management vaginal atrophy


References: Womens Health Nurse Practitioner Management Vaginal Atrophy CPG

Bachman, GA & Nevadunsky, NS. Diagnosis & treatment of atrophic vaginitis. Australian Family Physician 61(10):3090-6 May 15 2000.

Crandall, C. Vaginal estrogen preparations: a review of safety and efficacy for vaginal atrophy. Journal of Women's Health 11(10):857-875, 2002.

Cutston, T & Meuleman, E. Managing menopause. American Family Physician March 1 2000.

Davila, G., Singh, A., Karapanagiotou, I., Woodhouse, S., Huber, K., Zimberg, S., Seiler, J., Kopka, S. Are women with urogenital atrophy symptomatic? American Jounal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 188(2):382-388, Feb 2003.

Lethaby, A., Kennedy, R. Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (Protocol for a Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2003. Oxford: Update Software.

Manonai, J, Theppisai, U, Suthutvoravut, S, Udomsubpayakul, U, Chittacharoen, A. The effect of estradiol vaginal tablet and conjugated estrogen cream on urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women: a comparative study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 27(5):255-260, October 2001.

McNamee, K., & Williams, H, 2002. Family Planning Victoria Guidelines for Clinical Practice, edition 1. FPA Health, NSW. Department of Human Services.

MIMS Annual 2005 p 7-625

Moeher, B., Hextall, A., Jackson,S. Oestrogens for urinary incontinence for women (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2003. Oxford: Update Software.

National Health and Medical Research Council, 1999. A Guide to the Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

Pandit, L., & Ouslander, J. Postmenopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis. The Americal Jounal of Medical Science 314(4):228-231, October 1997.

RWH Medication Prescribing Guidelines, December 2003. The Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Vic.

Suckling, J., Letharby, A., Kennedy, R. Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2005. Chchester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Santen, R., Pinkerton, J., Conaway, M., Ropka, M., Wisniewski, L., Demers, L. & Klien, K. 2002. Treatment of urogenital atrophy with low-dose estradiol: preliminary results. Menopause. 9(3):179-187.

Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd, 2004. Endocrinology 3, Nth Melbourne, TGA.

Van der Laak, J., De Bie, L., De Leeuw, H., De Wilde, P., Hanselaar, A. The effect of replens on vaginal cytology in the treatment of postmenopausal atrophy: cytomorphology versus computerised cytometry. Journal of Clinical Pathology 55(6):446-451, June 2002.

Victorian Government Legislation. Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Regulations 1995, version no 031, S.R. no 63/1995. Version incorporating amendments as at July 2003

Welsh, B., Berzins, K., Fairley, C. Management of common vulval conditions. Medical Journal of Australia 178(8):391-395, 2003.


Royal Women's Hospital Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are intended to provide guidance to health care professionals, based on a thorough evaluation of research evidence, on the practical assessment and management of specific clinical issues or situations. The guidelines allow some flexibility on the part of the health care professional based on the needs of the specific patient for whom they are caring.

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